Difference between revisions of "Nouns"

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{{Table/Start|Cases}}
 
{{Table/Start|Cases}}
 
{{Table/Heading|}}
 
{{Table/Heading|}}
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{{Table/Heading|Nominative/accusative}}
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{{Table/Heading|Base cases<ref>Nominative, accusative, and dativ</ref>}}
 
{{Table/Heading|[[W:Possessive|Possessive]] [[w:Genitive case|genitive]]}}
 
{{Table/Heading|[[W:Possessive|Possessive]] [[w:Genitive case|genitive]]}}
 
{{Table/Heading|[[w:Genitive case|Relative genitive]]<ref>Relative genitive are never used on pronouns</ref>}}
 
{{Table/Heading|[[w:Genitive case|Relative genitive]]<ref>Relative genitive are never used on pronouns</ref>}}
 
{{Table/Heading|[[w:Illative case|Illative]]<ref>into</ref>}}
 
{{Table/Heading|[[w:Illative case|Illative]]<ref>into</ref>}}
 
{{Table/Heading|[[w:Elative case|Elative]]<ref>out of</ref>}}
 
{{Table/Heading|[[w:Elative case|Elative]]<ref>out of</ref>}}
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{{Table/Heading|[[w:Orientative case|Orientative]]<ref>towards</ref>}}
 
{{Table/Row}}
 
{{Table/Row}}
 
{{Table/Heading|Affix}}
 
{{Table/Heading|Affix}}
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{{Table/Cell|}}
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{{Table/Cell|<ref>no affix used</ref>}}
 
{{Table/Cell|{{WordDLx|aun-}}}}
 
{{Table/Cell|{{WordDLx|aun-}}}}
 
{{Table/Cell|{{WordDLx|-ill}}}}
 
{{Table/Cell|{{WordDLx|-ill}}}}
 
{{Table/Cell|{{WordDLx|we-}}}}
 
{{Table/Cell|{{WordDLx|we-}}}}
 
{{Table/Cell|{{WordDLx|iz-}}}}
 
{{Table/Cell|{{WordDLx|iz-}}}}
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{{Table/Cell|{{WordDLx|ke-}}<ref>word stem only</ref>}}
 
{{Table/Row}}
 
{{Table/Row}}
 
{{Table/End}}
 
{{Table/End}}
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* Note that the orientative case override all other declination. Outside the cardinal directions, and a few other notable exceptions, the orientative case is rarely used.
 +
* Note that relative genetive can be combined with other cases,
  
 
Note that facing and trailing [[Consonants|consonants]] may change from the lexical stem. Nouns starting with {{WordDLxx|ce}} will always change to {{WordDLxx|ze}} (salt -> a salt -> salts: {{WordDLx|celin}} -> {{WordDLx|anzelin}} -> {{WordDLx|cezelin}}). Other changes between hard and soft consonants may be less predictable<ref>See [[Word fusion rules]].</ref>.
 
Note that facing and trailing [[Consonants|consonants]] may change from the lexical stem. Nouns starting with {{WordDLxx|ce}} will always change to {{WordDLxx|ze}} (salt -> a salt -> salts: {{WordDLx|celin}} -> {{WordDLx|anzelin}} -> {{WordDLx|cezelin}}). Other changes between hard and soft consonants may be less predictable<ref>See [[Word fusion rules]].</ref>.
 
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<references/>
 
<references/>

Latest revision as of 23:21, 2 March 2022

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The declination of nouns in Delang evolved from a simple numeric system into the modern 7-8[1] declinations system. The system includes 3 singular declinations and 4 plurals. All declinations are made by prefixes added to the stem.

 Declinations 
      Indefinite     Definite     Special  
  Singular     ан- (an-) /an-/     δе- (de-) /de-/     capitalization  
  Plural     зе- (ce-) /ze-/     δеѕ-/δес- (des-/dez-) /des-/dez-/      
  Numeric plural     numeral-     ка+ (ka+) /ka+/ -numeral-      


The case system evolved from a basic non-differentiation between cases into a case system including several cases. Delang still retain its non-differentiation between nominative and accusative, a feature that makes translation to and from Delang difficult[2]. Case markings are added in front of any declinations, with the exception of relative genitive, which uses a suffix.

 Cases 
      Base cases[3]     Possessive genitive     Relative genitive[4]     Illative[5]     Elative[6]     Orientative[7]  
  Affix     [8]     ҩн- (aun-) /ɔn-/     -іљ (-ill) /-iɭ/     ѡе- (we-) /we-/     іс- (iz-) /iz-/     ке- (ke-) /ke-/[9]  
  • Note that the orientative case override all other declination. Outside the cardinal directions, and a few other notable exceptions, the orientative case is rarely used.
  • Note that relative genetive can be combined with other cases,

Note that facing and trailing consonants may change from the lexical stem. Nouns starting with зе (ce) will always change to се (ze) (salt -> a salt -> salts: зелін (celin) /zeli:n/ -> анселін (anzelin) /anzeli:n/ -> зеселін (cezelin) /zezeli:n/). Other changes between hard and soft consonants may be less predictable[10].

  1. ↑ The number of declinations may vary upon whether or not you include the lexical stem as a part of the system.
  2. ↑ Not helped by Delang's lack of a rigid word order.
  3. ↑ Nominative, accusative, and dativ
  4. ↑ Relative genitive are never used on pronouns
  5. ↑ into
  6. ↑ out of
  7. ↑ towards
  8. ↑ no affix used
  9. ↑ word stem only
  10. ↑ See Word fusion rules.
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