The Telegraph and The Digital Revolution

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The Telegraph

Pulse Width Modulation Code

А ▄▄ Ј ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄ L ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄
Ҩ ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄ К ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄ Ѕ ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄
Б ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄ Л ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄ Z ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄
З ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄ Љ ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄ Т ▄▄▄▄▄▄
Δ ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄ М ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄ И ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄
Е ▄▄▄▄ Н ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄ В ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄
Є ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄ Њ ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄ Ѡ ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄
F ▄▄▄▄▄▄ О ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄ Р ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄
Г ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄ П ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄ Y ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄
Ƕ ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄ Ь ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄ С ▄▄▄▄▄▄
І ▄▄▄▄ Ҍ ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄ Ҫ ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄
  • a shift character code (▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄) switches between letters and numbers and punctuation
    • each transmission blocks are separated by two shift characters
      Ex: SHIFT SHIFT T H I S SPACE I S SPACE A SPACE T E S T SHIFT 1 2 3 SHIFT SHIFT
      ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄ ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄ ▄▄▄▄▄▄ ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄ ▄▄▄▄ ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄     ▄▄▄▄ ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄     ▄▄     ▄▄▄▄▄▄ ▄▄▄▄ ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄ ▄▄▄▄▄▄ ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄ ▄▄ ▄▄▄▄ ▄▄▄▄▄▄ ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄ ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄
  • numbers 1-5 is 1 to 5 dots, while 6 to 9 is one dash and 1 to 4 dots. zero is two dashes
    1 ▄▄, 2 ▄▄▄▄, 3 ▄▄▄▄▄▄, 4 ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄, 5 ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄, 6 ▄▄▄▄▄▄, 7 ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄, 8 ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄, 9 ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄, 0 ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄
  • punctuations: PERIOD/BREAK ▄▄▄▄▄▄, COMMA ▄▄▄▄, QUESTION MARK ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄, EXCLAMATION MARK ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄

The Digital Revolution

The First Computers

  • electro-mechanical digital computers
  • wire based digital internal storage using PWMC
    • the digital storage was constructed using a mechanical telegraph key as output, a long coiled string, and a pickup transducer to pick up the signal
    • required a refresh circuit
  • no external digital storage

Second Generation Computers

  • mostly electronically digital computers
  • removable magnetic wire coil external storage using PWMC
    • wire coil strung from one spindel to another through a magnetic read/write head

Zero Deliminated Character Code

  • binary stream based digital storage
  • based upon Pulse Width Modulation Code
  • shift character codes switches between lower case, upper case, numbers, punctuation, and codes

Third Generation Computers

  • transistor based digital computers

Fourth Generation Computers

  • integrated circuit based digital computers

Fifth Generation Computers and Beyond

Stagnation and The Zeron

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